Urokit

• Prevention and treatment of kidney stones (urolithiasis), especially calcium oxalate and uric acid stones, by increasing urinary citrate and alkalinizing the urine.
• Renal tubular acidosis (Type I, distal): To correct metabolic acidosis and associated hypokalemia.
• Adjunct therapy in gout: To alkalinize urine, helping prevent uric acid crystal formation.
• Off-label uses: May be used in cystinuria and certain metabolic acidoses requiring urinary alkalinization.

• Adults:
  Oral doses of 10–30 mEq taken 2–4 times daily, typically with meals and at bedtime. Total daily dose ranges from 30 to 100 mEq. Adjust to maintain urinary pH between 6.0 and 7.0.
• Pediatrics:
  1–3 mEq/kg/day in divided doses. Adjust according to urinary pH and clinical response.
• Elderly:
  Initiate therapy at lower doses; monitor renal function and potassium levels closely.
• Renal impairment:
  Use with caution; dose adjustment based on renal function and serum potassium monitoring is essential.
• Administration:
  Oral only. Tablets must be swallowed whole; do not crush or chew. Liquid formulations should be measured accurately and taken with food or soon after meals.

Potassium citrate metabolizes into bicarbonate, which alkalinizes blood and urine. This increased urinary pH reduces crystallization of uric acid and cystine, improving their solubility. Elevated citrate in urine binds calcium, reducing calcium salt precipitation and stone formation. Potassium replenishment corrects hypokalemia commonly associated with renal tubular acidosis and other conditions.

• Absorption: Rapid and nearly complete gastrointestinal absorption.
• Distribution: Primarily extracellular; potassium and citrate distribute in body fluids.
• Metabolism: Citrate is converted to bicarbonate mainly in the liver.
• Elimination: Potassium and bicarbonate are primarily excreted via the kidneys.
• Onset: Urinary alkalinization occurs within 30–60 minutes.
• Half-life: Not clearly defined; influenced by renal function.

• Pregnancy: Category C. No controlled human studies; use only if potential benefit justifies risk.
• Lactation: Considered safe; potassium and citrate are naturally present in breast milk. Monitor infant if used in nursing mothers.
• Caution advised in pregnancy with renal or electrolyte disturbances.

• Electrolyte supplement
• Urinary alkalinizer

• Hypersensitivity to potassium citrate or components
• Hyperkalemia
• Severe renal impairment or anuria
• Metabolic alkalosis
• Peptic ulcer disease (oral tablets)
• Delayed gastrointestinal emptying
• Concurrent use of potassium-sparing diuretics without monitoring

• Risk of hyperkalemia, especially in renal dysfunction or with potassium-sparing drugs. Monitor serum potassium regularly.
• Oral tablets can cause gastrointestinal irritation or ulceration; do not crush or chew.
• Over-alkalinization may promote calcium phosphate stone formation.
• Use cautiously in patients with cardiac, renal, or hepatic disease.
• Pediatric use requires close monitoring of acid-base status and electrolytes.

• Common: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence.
• Serious but rare: Hyperkalemia (arrhythmias, muscle weakness), gastrointestinal ulceration or obstruction.
• Onset of GI symptoms typically soon after starting therapy; hyperkalemia risk increases with renal impairment or overdose.

• Increased risk of hyperkalemia with ACE inhibitors, ARBs, potassium-sparing diuretics, NSAIDs, heparin, cyclosporine, and tacrolimus.
• Aluminum-containing antacids may increase aluminum absorption.
• Potassium-rich foods or salt substitutes may raise serum potassium.
• No CYP450 enzyme involvement.

• Reinforced role as a first-line agent for prevention of recurrent calcium oxalate and uric acid stones.
• Strengthened warnings regarding GI irritation and the necessity of correct tablet administration.
• Guidelines recommend maintaining urine pH in target range to avoid complications.

• Store oral tablets and solutions at 20–25°C (68–77°F).
• Protect from moisture and light.
• Tablets must be kept in tightly closed containers.
• Liquid formulations should be shaken well before use.
• Do not freeze or refrigerate unless specified.