Seemapyrin

• Analgesic: Treatment of mild to moderate pain including headache, dental pain, musculoskeletal pain, and dysmenorrhea.
• Antipyretic: Reduction of fever associated with various conditions.
• Anti-inflammatory: Management of inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and other musculoskeletal conditions.
• Cardiovascular prophylaxis:
• Secondary prevention of myocardial infarction (heart attack), ischemic stroke, and transient ischemic attacks (TIA).
• Primary prevention of cardiovascular events in selected high-risk patients according to clinical guidelines.
• Prevention of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation when anticoagulants are contraindicated.
• Obstetrics: Prevention of preeclampsia in high-risk pregnancies (low-dose aspirin).
• Other: Treatment of Kawasaki disease (off-label).

• Adults:
• Pain and fever: 325–650 mg orally every 4 to 6 hours as needed, not exceeding 4 g/day.
• Anti-inflammatory: 3–6 g/day in divided doses for arthritis.
• Cardiovascular prophylaxis: Low dose, typically 75–100 mg once daily.
• Prevention of preeclampsia: 60–150 mg once daily starting late first trimester.
• Pediatrics:
• Generally avoided due to risk of Reye’s syndrome, except under specialist guidance (e.g., Kawasaki disease).
• Elderly:
• Use lowest effective dose due to increased bleeding risk; monitor carefully.
• Renal/Hepatic Impairment:
• Use with caution; dose adjustment not well defined but increased risk of adverse effects.
• Administration:
• Oral tablets or chewable forms.
• Take with food or milk to reduce gastrointestinal irritation.

Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, leading to decreased formation of prostaglandins and thromboxane A2. The reduction of thromboxane A2 in platelets suppresses platelet aggregation, contributing to its antithrombotic effects. The decreased prostaglandin synthesis reduces inflammation, pain, and fever.

• Absorption: Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; peak plasma concentration in approximately 30–40 minutes (non-enteric coated).
• Distribution: Widely distributed; crosses the placenta and blood-brain barrier; 80–90% plasma protein bound.
• Metabolism: Hydrolyzed to active metabolite salicylic acid primarily in the liver.
• Half-life: Aspirin’s half-life is 15–20 minutes; salicylic acid half-life is dose-dependent, ranging from 2 to 20 hours.
• Excretion: Mainly renal as salicylate and conjugates.

• Pregnancy: Category D in third trimester (due to risk of premature ductus arteriosus closure and fetal complications); Category C in earlier trimesters. Use only if benefits outweigh risks.
• Lactation: Excreted in breast milk in small amounts; generally avoided due to potential infant bleeding risk.

• Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID)
• Antiplatelet agent

• Hypersensitivity to aspirin or other NSAIDs.
• History of asthma, urticaria, or allergic reactions triggered by aspirin.
• Active gastrointestinal bleeding or peptic ulcer disease.
• Severe hepatic or renal impairment.
• Children or adolescents with viral infections (risk of Reye’s syndrome).
• Third trimester pregnancy.

• Increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and ulceration; monitor for bleeding.
• Risk of hemorrhagic stroke and other bleeding complications.
• Use caution in patients with asthma, coagulation disorders, or on anticoagulants.
• Monitor liver and kidney function during long-term use.
• Avoid abrupt discontinuation in cardiovascular patients without medical advice.

• Common: Gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, dyspepsia, heartburn.
• Serious: Gastrointestinal bleeding, ulceration, hemorrhagic stroke, hypersensitivity reactions, tinnitus, renal impairment, Reye’s syndrome (in children).
• Side effects are often dose-related and may develop within days to weeks.

• Increased bleeding risk with anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin), other NSAIDs, SSRIs.
• Reduced efficacy of antihypertensives when used concurrently.
• Increased nephrotoxicity risk with other nephrotoxic drugs.
• Avoid alcohol due to additive gastrointestinal irritation and bleeding risk.
• Minimal CYP450 involvement; interactions mainly pharmacodynamic.

• Guidelines recommend low-dose aspirin for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease; primary prevention use is more selective.
• Warnings emphasize bleeding risk, particularly gastrointestinal and intracranial hemorrhage.
• Pregnancy guidelines advise avoiding aspirin in the third trimester except when specifically indicated.

• Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F).
• Protect from moisture and light; keep tablets in original container tightly closed.
• Do not freeze.
• Keep out of reach of children.