Avro

• Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) to prevent optic nerve damage and vision loss.
• Ocular Hypertension: Lowering elevated IOP in patients at risk of developing glaucoma.
• Off-label Uses: Occasionally used in other types of glaucoma where IOP reduction is beneficial, under specialist supervision.

• Route: Topical ophthalmic solution (eye drops).
• Recommended Dose: One drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening.
• Administration Notes:
• Do not exceed once daily dosing to avoid reduced efficacy.
• Remove contact lenses before administration; wait 15 minutes before reinsertion.
• Avoid touching the dropper tip to the eye or other surfaces to prevent contamination.
• Special Populations:
• No specific dose adjustments for elderly or renal/hepatic impairment.
• Safety and efficacy in pediatric patients not established.

Travoprost is a prostaglandin F2α analog that selectively binds to prostanoid FP receptors in the eye. Activation of these receptors increases uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor, thereby reducing intraocular pressure. This effect helps prevent damage to the optic nerve and progression of glaucoma by lowering elevated IOP.

• Absorption: Rapidly absorbed through the cornea; peak aqueous humor concentrations reached within 1–2 hours post-dose.
• Distribution: Localized mainly in ocular tissues; minimal systemic absorption.
• Metabolism: Prodrug hydrolyzed to active free acid in the cornea.
• Half-life: Plasma half-life of active metabolite approximately 45 minutes.
• Excretion: Metabolites excreted primarily via urine.

• Pregnancy: Category C — Animal studies have shown adverse effects; insufficient human data. Use only if potential benefit justifies risk.
• Lactation: Unknown if excreted in human milk; caution advised. Breastfeeding recommended to be avoided during treatment.

• Ophthalmic prostaglandin analog
• Antiglaucoma agent

• Hypersensitivity to travoprost or any formulation components
• Active ocular infections or inflammation (unless treated)

• Iris Pigmentation: May cause permanent increase in brown pigmentation of the iris.
• Eyelash Changes: Increased length, thickness, and number of eyelashes may occur.
• Ocular Inflammation: Use with caution in patients with active intraocular inflammation or history of uveitis.
• Macular Edema: Rare reports, especially in aphakic or pseudophakic patients.
• Contact Lens Wearers: Avoid contamination of lenses; remove before use.

• Common: Eye redness (conjunctival hyperemia), eye irritation, eyelid erythema, blurred vision.
• Less Common: Dry eye, eye pain, increased eyelash growth, darkening of eyelid skin.
• Rare: Macular edema, uveitis, allergic reactions.

• No significant systemic drug interactions reported due to minimal systemic absorption.
• Caution advised with other topical ocular medications; allow interval between different eye drops.

• Updated glaucoma management guidelines recommend prostaglandin analogs, including travoprost, as first-line therapy for elevated IOP.
• New formulations developed with improved preservatives to reduce ocular irritation.
• No recent major changes in dosing or safety warnings.

• Store at 2°C to 25°C (36°F to 77°F).
• Protect from light.
• Keep bottle tightly closed when not in use.
• Discard opened bottle after 4 weeks to prevent contamination.