AllStar

• Insulin Delivery: For administration of any insulin formulation (rapid-, short-, intermediate-, or long-acting) in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
• Subcutaneous Injection: For precise dosing of insulin to maintain glycemic control.
• Insulin Pump Therapy: For continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in patients requiring intensive glycemic management.
• Pediatric, Adult, and Geriatric Use: Adaptable for all age groups requiring insulin therapy.

Clinically Accepted Off-Label Uses:

• Administration of other injectable antidiabetic agents compatible with insulin pens or syringes.
• Insulin delivery in hospital settings for acute hyperglycemia management.

• Devices:
• Insulin Pens: Pre-filled or refillable; allow accurate dosing in 0.5–1 unit increments.
• Insulin Syringes: Available in 0.3 mL, 0.5 mL, and 1 mL sizes for various dosing requirements.
• Insulin Pumps: Continuous infusion systems delivering programmable basal and bolus doses.
• Needles:
• Length: Typically 4–12 mm depending on subcutaneous tissue thickness and patient age.
• Gauge: 28–32G; finer gauges reduce injection pain.
• Administration: Subcutaneous injection at a 90° angle (or 45° for very thin patients). Rotate injection sites to avoid lipohypertrophy.
• Frequency: Determined by prescribed insulin regimen (basal, bolus, or basal-bolus).
• Special Populations:
• Pediatric and elderly patients may require shorter needles.
• Renal or hepatic impairment does not require device adjustment, only insulin dose titration.

Insulin devices and needles do not have pharmacologic activity themselves. Their function is to deliver insulin accurately into the subcutaneous tissue, ensuring rapid absorption and predictable pharmacokinetics. Proper delivery allows insulin to bind to receptors in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue, stimulating glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and inhibition of gluconeogenesis, thereby maintaining blood glucose control.

• Device Impact: Rapid-acting insulins retain their onset, peak, and duration of action when administered via pens, syringes, or pumps.
• Absorption: Dependent on injection technique, needle length, and subcutaneous tissue thickness.
• Distribution & Metabolism: Unchanged; devices ensure consistent delivery of insulin to maintain pharmacokinetic predictability.
• Elimination: Devices do not alter insulin metabolism or excretion.

• Devices themselves pose no systemic risk.
• Safe for use in pregnant or breastfeeding patients needing insulin therapy.
• Proper technique is essential to avoid hypoglycemia in both mother and infant.

• Primary Class: Medical device for drug administration.
• Subclass: Subcutaneous insulin delivery system (pen, syringe, or pump).

• Known hypersensitivity to device materials (e.g., latex in some components).
• Damaged, bent, or blocked needles.
• Use of incompatible insulin formulations in pumps or pens.

• Injection Site Reactions: Redness, bruising, or lipohypertrophy can occur with repeated injections at the same site.
• Contamination Risk: Always use sterile needles; never reuse disposable needles.
• Device Malfunction: Insulin pump occlusion or pen dosing error may cause hypo- or hyperglycemia.
• Patient Education: Correct handling, priming, and dose selection are crucial for safe and effective therapy.

Device-Related:

• Mild pain or discomfort at injection site.
• Bruising or redness.
• Lipohypertrophy with repeated injections at the same site.
• Rare allergic reactions to device materials (e.g., latex or rubber components).

Pump-Related:

• Infusion set occlusion leading to hyperglycemia or ketoacidosis if undetected.

• Devices themselves do not have pharmacologic interactions.
• Insulin dose delivered can interact with oral antidiabetic agents, corticosteroids, alcohol, or other glucose-altering substances.
• Proper device function ensures predictable insulin delivery, minimizing pharmacodynamic variability.

• ADA and international diabetes associations recommend short, thin needles (4–6 mm) for all patients to reduce pain and improve adherence.
• Prefilled pens and modern insulin pumps are preferred for improved dosing accuracy and patient convenience.
• Continuous glucose monitoring integration with pumps is increasingly standard for intensive insulin therapy.

• Insulin Pens & Syringes: Store at 2°C–8°C until first use; do not freeze. After first use, may be kept at room temperature (below 30°C) for up to 28 days.
• Needles: Keep in original packaging, dry, and protected from light.
• Insulin Pump Reservoirs: Replace according to manufacturer instructions (typically every 7 days).
• Handling: Use sterile technique; avoid bending or reusing needles; dispose of used needles in approved sharps containers.